Paediatric Heart Surgery in India with
the Best Paediatric Heart surgeons in India is what you would want if your
little one is suffering from any heart ailment. MyMedOpinion affiliate
Paediatric heart surgeons in India are among the top paediatric heart
specialists and offer best in paediatric heart care. Affordable Pediatric Heart
Surgery in India at Best Cardiac Hospitals with Top Pediatric Cardiac Surgeons
in India with MyMedOpinion.
Sometimes heart surgery in children is
required for repairing defects in the heart which a child might have born with
(known as congenital heart defects) and heart diseases which he gets after
birth, which require surgery. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery deals with operative
procedures in the newborn and unborn children and youngsters suffering from
cardiac dysfunctions, structural, functional and rhythm-related issues of the
heart also.
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery often deals
with heart problems in children, the cause of congenital heart diseases which
are common heart ailments among new born children and involves deficiencies
like structural defects, congenital arrythmias and cardiomyopathies, which
result in different kinds of abnormalities related to the heart. Congenital
heart disease is a cause of improper growth of the heart or blood vessels
before birth.
Heart Treatment in India for Major Heart Ailments in Children
The most common cardiac defects in
children are the following:
-
Atrial Septal Defect
-
Ventricular Septal Defect
-
Fallot's Tetralogy
-
Valvular defects
Atrial Septal
Defect
An atrial septal defect (ASD) —
sometimes referred to as a hole in the heart — is a type of congenital heart
defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the
upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). In most cases ASDs are
diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications. When an atrial
septal defect is present, blood flows through the hole primarily from the left
atrium to the right atrium.
This shunting increases the blood
volume in the right atrium which means more blood flows through the lungs than
would normally. If left untreated, atrial septal defect may cause problems in
adulthood. These problems may include pulmonary hypertension (which is high
blood pressure in the lungs), congestive heart failure(weakening of the heart
muscle), atrial arrhythmias (which are abnormal rhythms or beating of the
heart) and an increased risk of stroke.
Ventricular Septal
Defect - VSD have a hole in the wall of their
heart between their right ventricle and left ventricle (the two lower chambers,
where the blood leaves the heart). Normally, blood cannot pass between the
ventricles. But when there is a hole between the sides of the heart, some
oxygen-rich blood leaks from the left ventricle into the right ventricle and
goes back to the lungs. The hole may be small and cause no symptoms, or it may
be large and cause serious problems with blood flow. If the hole is large, too
much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to congestive heart failure.
Also, the heart will have to work harder to pump blood to the body. As a result
of the extra work, the heart can get bigger.
There are two main
techniques to correct the disorder:
Intra-Cardiac Technique - is an open heart surgery under general
anesthesia , whereby the child is attached to an external heart-lung machine.
This heart lung machine performs circulatory and respiratory function during
surgery. The heart is directly accessed and the defect is sutured.
Trans- Catheter Technique - this is a minimally invasive technique
through which surgical instruments are passed through the catheter inserted in
the femoral artery. The catheter is slowly guided up towards the point of
defect to close it.
Both the procedures are quite
successful. Which one is best for your child can be ascertained by the
paediatric cardiac surgeon in India after the examination of the child.
Fallot's Tetralogy
Fallot was a doctor who spotted this
particular type of heart defect. Tetralogy means fourfold – there are four
defects found together. These four problems are: 1. Pulmonary stenosis -
Pulmonary means ‘of the lungs’. Stenosis means narrowing. Pulmonary stenosis is
a narrowing at or below the pulmonary valve. 2. Ventricular septal defect
-Ventricular means ‘of the ventricles’ – the wall between the right and left
sides of the heart . 3. Over-riding aorta -The entrance to the aorta, which
should only take red (oxygenated) blood around the body, lies over the VSD,
allowing the right ventricle to pump some blue blood directly into it. 4. Right
ventricular hypertrophy -The right ventricle becomes thickened as it forces
blood into the narrowed pulmonary artery.
The heart surgeons perform two surgeries to correct Fallot of Tetralogy
heart defect in the child
Blalock-
Taussig's operation is a palliative
procedure performed in smaller infants to increase blood flow to lungs and to
allow the child to grow big enough to withstand the corrective surgery. A
connection is made between right subclavian artery and pulmonary artery to pass
more oxygenated blood to the latter. This relieves the cyanosis to a great
extent.
The total corrective surgery is performed in children within 2
years of age. VSD is closed with a patch and the narrowed pulmonary valve is
opened. The outcome of surgery is favourable and most children lead a healthy
life after the surgery with minimum restrictions
Double valve
repair and replacement
Valves are openings between two
chambers and also between a chamber and artery which allows unidirectional flow
of blood. The patency of these valves is very important for normal flow of
blood. The function of mitral valve (between left atrium and left ventricle)
and the aortic valve (between left ventricle and aorta) is very important. If
these valves get narrowed, the amount of blood passing from left atrium to left
ventricle (mitral valve) or from left ventricle to aorta (aortic valve) is
drastically reduced. In this case the heart will pump blood harder to push it
through the narrowed valves. But the blood will tend to go upwards back into
the pulmonary vein and finally to the lungs. This will cause excess blood in
the lungs leading to congestion. At the same time very less blood will come out
into the aorta from the left ventricle which will result in reduced blood and
oxygen supply to all the body parts.
Double valve repair and replacement
procedure aims at correcting or replacing these both these damaged valves
(aortic & mitral together) with new functional valves. This is done through
the open heart surgery. The patient is put under general anaesthesia and
connected to the heart lung machine. This machine takes over the pumping,
circulatory, and respiratory functions of the heart and lung till the surgical
procedure is going on. The valves are accessed by cutting open the rib cage and
accessing the heart directly. The old valves are sliced from their attachments
and new valves are put in their place. The new valves may be obtained from a
cadaveric donor, or an animal (pig) or it may be made of a nonreactive inert
material. The patient needs to be given anticoagulants or immunosuppressive to
clotting of blood or rejection of organ. The prognosis of this surgery is good.
It is many a time a life-saving and life extending surgery.
Why is the Procedure required?
If the following warning signs are
found in children, it indicates that a surgery is required:
·
Blue
or gray skin, nail beds and lips. These symptoms indicate that there is not
enough oxygen in the blood (hypoxia).
·
If the
child has difficulty in breathing because the lungs are "wet,"
congested, or filled with fluid (heart failure).
·
If
there exists problems in heart rhythm (arrhythmias) or heart rate.
·
If
there is lack of growth and development of a child. And the child is not able
to sleep and eat properly.
FAQ's Pediatric Cardiac Surgery in India
What is the cost of Paediatric Heart Surgery?
Paediatric Heart Surgery is amongst the lowest in the world. The Paediatric Heart Surgery is about 20% of
the cost in the USA. The low Paediatric
Heart Surgery is without any compromise on quality
or success rate
Are cardiac surgeons in India well qualified to
perform heart surgeries?
Teaching hospitals in India are of a high standard.
Further, many cardiac surgeons and cardiologists from India have had further
education/training abroad at top class medical schools and hospitals. The
result is a very high level of academic excellence amongst cardiologists and
cardiac surgeons in India.
How experienced are cardiac surgeons in India at
handling complex heart surgeries?
The translation of academic excellence into
outstanding medical results happens only with practice and experience. Indian
doctors acquire a great amount of experience over a very short period of time
because of the large number of patients requiring cardiac treatment in India.
Do surgeons perform advanced heart surgeries in
India?
Cardiac surgeons in India are experts at performing
advanced procedures like Heart Transplants, Robotic Cardiac Procedures, Totally
Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (TECAB), Minimally Invasive Direct
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (MIDCAB), Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
Grafting (OPCAB), complex mitral valve repairs, etc.
What success rates can one expect in India from
cardiology hospitals?
It is quite amazing that Indian hospitals are able
to offer a combination of extremely low cost cardiac treatment in
India along with extremely high success rates as well. In fact,
leading hospitals for cardiac treatment in India have success
rates in excess of 98%, which is absolutely world-class.
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